In Fiji the divers who harvest sea cucumbers go down on hookah rigs (basically an air hose run from the surface). Because they're paid by quantity, they're tempted to stay at depth longer than is safe and all too frequently suffer from decompression sickness. A friend who was part of a health team trying to educate them told me that they could not be persuaded to stop their risky practices until they were told that one of the consequences of the nerve damage from DCS is impotence. THAT got their attention!
I don't know if there's a parallel with pearl divers ...