Interestingly enough, Dave our resident expert, does not compare your strand to Akoya (saltwater), but to freshwater pearls (I assume a modern day strand made to deceive).
Note to Dave: at some point , it would be very interesting If you could post a comparison Namiko strand / freshwater with your points system
I've been thinking of the possibility they may be early akoya, but then I would think the beads would be more apparent. This strand has me considering cultured akoya or mixed with natural ones. In the earlier years of cultural production in Japan, they did smaller ones too. Early production used wild harvested shell stock, hence naturals may have been collected for specialty pieces.
Then there's Biwas, which are freshwater. Some of which were quite lustrous and translucent, produced in high enough volumes to grade strands similar to this one. Biwa culture of fine rounds is all but extinct in recent times.
As you've mentioned earlier there are contrasts similar to natural pearls in my candling thread. Likewise, widely varied.
I'm always wary of elaborate fakes or misunderstood time periods, but taking the OP at their word there's lesser concern. So, I'm waffling three types from Japanese waters... without mentioning the likelihood of natural gulf pearls. Hence four possibilities. With that many probable outcomes at hand, and the little information I have to work with, I'm being abundantly cautious.
I'm seeing no flame or chatoyant patterns. Gulf pearls may have patterns, but are often very subtle. Again, critical photography is important for discerning origin.
I'd have to use the point system three or four times to cover all these bases, but would like to see more imagery before doing that.
At any conclusion, these are undoubtedly very fine pearls. I'm trying to be careful to neither get hopes too high nor underestimate their value, especially in the absence of good data.
Is the nacre of a saltwater pearl less translucent than freshwater?
Natural saltwater pearls tend to be more translucent. Some freshwater pearls can be as well, but usually do not have the lustrous depth of marine pearls. They tend to be more mirror-like at the surface.