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X-ray testing: A laboratory test used to determine whether a pearl is natural or cultured.

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yakkah: Historical Persian quality factor describing natural pearls of secondary quality.

yellow grains: Nineteenth century theory of natural pearl production stating that yellow grains found in some freshwater pearls were from shell-production reserve material. This organic material made its way into the mantle and catalyzed pearl growth.

yoyo: Japanese term for a host mollusk's 45-day...

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Zebra mussel: Introduced Asian mussel species that has done significant damage to freshwater mussel stocks in streams and rivers principally north of the Ohio River in the eastern United States.

Zuchtperlen: German term for cultured pearls.

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CIBJO (2006): The Pearl Book. Milan, Italy.
CIBJO (2021). Guide for Classifying Natural Pearls and Cultured Pearls.
Donkin, R. A. (1998): Beyond Price. Pearls and Pearl-Fishing: Origins to the Age of Discoveries. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
Fiske D., Shepherd J. (2007): Continuity and change in Chinese freshwater pearl culture. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 138-145...

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Pearl World Journal

Devoted to covering the pearl industry, Pearl World: The International Pearling Journal is the only English language publication of its kind. For 17 years the journal has covered every aspect of the pearling industry, from harvests, production, auctions, wholesaling, and education to retail designing end consumer marketing.


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