Even though India does not have the best coastal climate to preserve very old archeological sites with pearls, it is way too humid; India used to have the largest pearl banks in the world and was the original major source of its own pearls. A pearl is mentioned in the sacred literature from around 2-7k years ago, but appears that they were already fished out of pearls and pearl trading families who went everywhere there were known to be pearls were already going to the Persian Gulf to import them. It is India's insatiable desire for pearls that has kept the Persian Gulf pearling economy going until approximately when the oil was first discovered in the Middle East. The perfect round orb is of special spiritual significance, though any (natural, wild) pearls were/are better than none. And cultured pearls with nuclei are the least favored for spiritual purposes, but still, better than nothing- The current chronicles of Alexander the Great's era marks the beginning of the Euro/Gulf trade in pearls around 300b.c.e Other Greeks discussed the ancient trade with India around the 1st century, bce and dated it as going back as far as was known. India was still producing some pearls at that time according to another mention, but by 1,200 bce, the Phoenicians had established a trade between India and the Gulf region. I am going with Carter over Strack as she claimed the Arabs, in their dhows, went to India in AD years, which also probably happened, but dhows are not the best seafaring boats, so there is a lot of conjecture possible.
I think the above paragraph, which I cobbled together from Strack, Tavernier, and Carter (Sea of Pearls,2012) would make a good paper- I almost got lost in India's misty, mystical past with pearls. So, I assume, that the Indians were the earliest large culture area to fish out their own local waters as there has been no pearling on a commercial scale in known history off India's shores, India was already at the Persian Gulf (or the Phoenicians were) when Greece first got wind of the Gulf pearls.
But, when I visited India in 2006, I did see a lot of pearls for sale. They were way overpriced freshwaters available to the tourist crowd. (I was at a mind/body conference) Even the high end dealers in the Pavilions, charged the most I have ever seen for the least worthy pearls.... so my advice is drink up the history and flavor, but do not spend unless you go to the equivalent of the Jhavari family. Jevari, javeri, javhari, etc. Tango Javari is a member here, though he has not posted in ages. The pearl seller, the authentic one, that Donzi 32 found in Kuwait was also named Javeri- different spelling. And I have also seen variations on the name in too many parts of the world, too many times to think it is a coincidence. So, if you want to true, honest pearl buying, spiritual experience in India, find a Javeri- someone who only deals in the old pearls.
AND by all means find some of those guys who drill the eensy,weensy pearls on slices of coconut tree with bow awls. They can drill pearl so small modern technology can't touch it. As a pearl forum, we need the names and business cards of people who do work like that.
Would you try to be our reporter? And take Pix of everything pearl related you learn and see?