This is not what you are asking, but just FYI a 10x loupe will show a difference between real pearls and imitation. The real pearls will have smoother looking nacre (of course you need to look where there aren't blemishes.)
However, I am not aware of any difference a loupe will show between FW and saltwater pearls. If the pearls are dyed, and if there are dye concentrations in blemishes, as sometimes occurs, you would not need a magnifier to see them.